The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) was established in Shanghai in 2001. In terms of geographic scope and population, the SCO is the world's largest regional organization.
The Heads of State Council (HSC) is the highest decision-making body in the SCO. It meets once every year to take decisions and give instructions on all important issues regarding SCO activity. The Organisation has two permanent bodies — the Secretariat in Beijing (China) and the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) in Tashkent.