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臭氧

1
2016-05-24 13:22China Daily Editor: Yao Lan

臭氧

ozone

Excessive ozone gas has become the prime pollution problem in Beijing in recent days, replacing the notorious PM2.5, and it's likely to linger for a couple of days, the capital's environmental monitoring authority said on Monday.

北京市环保监测机构表示,近几天,臭氧将取代PM2.5成为北京的首要污染物,而且,这一情况或将持续几天.

臭氧(ozone)是地球大气中一种微量气体,大气中90%以上的臭氧存在于大气层的上部或平流层(stratosphere),离地面有10~50千米,可以吸收太阳释放出来的绝大部分紫外线(ultra-violet ray),使动植物免遭这种射线的危害.但是,近地面大气中的臭氧,主要由人类活动产生的污染物经过一系列复杂的光化学反应(photochemical reaction)而产生,一旦超标,对环境以及人体健康的危害都很大.

地面臭氧(ground-level ozone)的形成主要有两大要素,一是由发电厂、燃煤锅炉、涂料油漆和机动车尾气排放出的"氮氧化物"(nitrogen oxides)和"挥发性有机物"(volatile organic compounds);二是高温和光照.每当夏季来临,气温升高(rising temperature),光照增强,加之污染物排放,臭氧极易发生超标现象.

按照空气质量标准,当臭氧1小时平均浓度超过200微克/立方米时,意味着开始造成污染.环境专家表示,臭氧能够对人体产生较大危害:臭氧会损害肺功能(harm lung function)、刺激呼吸道(irritate the respiratory system),引起气道反应和气道炎症增加、哮喘加重等.

民众防范臭氧污染,第一步是随时掌握空气质量状况,其次最好的方法就是在高温时段减少外出:午后两三点钟光照最强、温度最高,是臭氧指标最高的时段,民众可待在室内.

 

  

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