全面二孩政策
universal two-child policy
China further relaxed its more than three-decade-old family planning policy, according to a statement issued on Thursday by the Communist Party of China Central Committee. The statement said the country's aging trend would be actively addressed by the universal two-child policy.
29日,中共中央委员会发布公报称,中国将进一步放开实施了30多年的计划生育政策.公报指出,"全面二孩政策"将有效应对人口老龄化趋势.
"全面二孩政策"(the universal two-child policy)即允许全面实施一对夫妇可生育两个孩子政策.这是继2013年,十八届三中全会决定启动实施"单独二孩"政策(two-child fertility policy for couples where either the husband or the wife is from a single-child family)之后的又一次人口政策调整.
20世纪70年代末,中国为减缓人口过快增长(slow the population growth rate)推出了计划生育政策(family planning policy).30多年后,我国人口发展呈现出重大转折性变化.人口总量增长势头明显减弱,老龄化程度不断加深,人口红利(demographic dividend)逐渐消失.十八届五中全会决定全面实施一对夫妇可生育两个孩子政策,积极开展应对人口老龄化(aging of population)行动,促进人口均衡发展(improve the balanced development of population).
有一个概念需要注意:"二孩"不等于"二胎"!
如果你第一胎生的是——
双胞胎 twins
三胞胎 triplets
四胞胎 quadruplets
五胞胎 quintuplets
龙凤胎 pigeon pair
那么你就不符合这个二孩政策了.
为什么全面放开二孩?
单独二孩政策实施后,效果并不尽如人意.截至2014年12月,全国仅有不足100万对单独夫妇提出再生育申请,而此前的官方预计是每年增加200万人左右.