Critics claim US trade policy toward Asia has made it an 'unreliable' partner
U.S. President Donald Trump's trade policy failed a test in his first year in office, according to a group of experts.
Jeffrey Schott, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, was blunt in his assessment of Trump's actions toward Asia.
"It has been a disaster for the United States of America," he said at a talk in Washington on Wednesday, adding that pulling the U.S. out of the Trans-Pacific Partnership is a cornerstone of the failure.
The 11 nations that pursued the new TPP after the U.S. withdrawal will sign their agreement on March 8 in Chile.
Chilean President Michelle Bachelet said this week that if the U.S. wants to rejoin, it would have to do so under the TPP-11 terms. Her words came after Trump's recent suggestion that the U.S. could rejoin TPP "if we were able to make a substantially better deal".
Eswar Prasad, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, summed up Trump's trade policy in Asia as characterized by "uncertainty" and "open hostility to the multilateralism trading arrangements" that he said the U.S. was largely responsible for putting in place over the past decades.
Trump has demanded renegotiations of trade deals such as the North American Free Trade Agreement and the U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement, or KORU.S..
These, along with pulling out of TPP, make the U.S. an unreliable and untrustworthy trade partner in the region, according to Prasad.
Meredith Miller, senior vice-president at the consulting firm Albright Stonebridge Group, said countries in Southeast Asian nations are worried about the "America First" message Trump delivered at the APEC summit in Vietnam last November.
ASEAN countries also are concerned about U.S. trade remedies and a possible trade war between China and the U.S. because "ASEAN countries are very integrated in the region's supply chains, with both China and the U.S.", she said.
The Trump administration, under Section 232 of the U.S. Trade Expansion Act of 1962, is reportedly considering imposing steep tariffs on steel and aluminum imports of 24 percent and 10 percent, respectively.
Such a move is likely to trigger retaliation from U.S. trade partners as well as substantially increase costs on a large part of the U.S. economy that depends on the raw materials.
Schott of the Peterson Institute described Trump's obsession with trade deficits as a demonstration to his core supporters that he is doing something.
"All of the measures he is taking are not going to make a big difference in the bilateral trade deficit with China," Schott said.
Most economists believe the U.S. trade deficit is caused by its own macroeconomic policy, low savings rate and the role of the U.S. dollar as a global reserve currency.
Schott said that if the U.S. pursues Section 232 or Section 301 consistent with WTO principles, the reactions will be moderate.
"If they are inconsistent, I think it will open the doorway for broad tit-for-tat retaliation," he said.
The U.S. initiated a Section 301 investigation into China's intellectual policy and practice last August.
He said the U.S. has long pressed other countries to pursue domestic reform to improve productivity and global competitiveness.
"Now it's the U.S. that needs to work on its international competitiveness," he said.
