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As police hunt Manchester terror network, academics seek answers to why Britain becomes a target(2)

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2017-05-26 10:49Xinhua Editor: Gu Liping ECNS App Download

What will be difficult, says Awan will be the ability to eradicate groups such as ISIS, and the flow of people wanting to join such terror groups.

Geopolitical issues and the world we live in all come into play, says the academic.

"Will it ever end", poses Awan, "what needs to be done is to engage with young people at grassroots level, using community approaches especially within Muslim communities."

Awan has studied the reasons why many young Muslims become radicalised and asked the question what leads an individual to carry out an act on terror in Britain. He has spoken to numerous Muslims to seek the answers.

Young Muslims he quizzed referred to push and pull factors for why some of their numbers might become radicalised and travel to fight for ISIS. Reasons ranged from boredom to issues with a lack of identity and concerns over foreign policy.

Most thought social media and the internet played a key role in radicalisation, with one Muslim teen warning "all they do is go online and some preachers then tell them to come and fight for Islam"

As Awan explained: "When ISIS declared their 'caliphate' their fighters openly used Twitter to urge Muslims to travel to Syria and Iraq and shared gory and extreme videos."

One 16-year-old Muslim boy in Britain told Awan: "If people are watching these videos online then they are going to be radicalised because ISIS are using the Internet to shout out to them that we (Muslims) are being oppressed."

Some suggested young Muslims travel to fight in Syria because they are bored or looking for an adrenaline rush.

One told Awan those heading to the Middle East want some excitement in their lives, while another suggested what we are seeing really is just some young frustrated teenagers who are looking for an escape.

Professor Anthony Glees, director of the Center for Security and Intelligence Studies at the University of Buckingham told Xinhua: "I don't know if there is a monocausal explanation why Britain specifically was so threatened by ISIS or Al Qaeda.

"The reason headline for me is that Britain has looked vulnerable at the moment, and has looked vulnerable since the Brexit vote."

"In just a short period time we have seen the attack on Westminster and now Manchester. Islamism is like a crazed wild beast that senses weakness. It is the weak and vulnerable that are the first to be attacked in the jungle

"We had the referendum, a change of government, the premature calling of a general election and in the days preceding the Manchester bombing we had a prime minister who had to change her party manifesto. We looked as if we were all over the place and that made us vulnerable."

Glees cites another aspect for Britain being a target is its relationship with the U.S.

"We pride ourselves on being the closest ally in Europe to the U.S. We go out of our way to stress the importance. Theresa May, remember, was the first world leader to visit Trump after his inauguration. Added to that is Britain's activity in Iraq and its readiness to bomb ISIS, as well as Britain's continuation in the coalition.

Glees says the vast majority of the 3 to 4 million Muslims in Britain want nothing to do with extreme Islamism.

"But there are some who use an interpretation of Islamism to justify their actions," he added.

Glees said the government-back prevent program, which imposes a duty on college and university lecturers to report students who express strong views and may become radicalised, had proved to be controversial, Muslim leaders had called for it be scrapped, while universities were opposed to the program.

Glees wants to see a doubling of personnel working in Britain's secret service MI5 and more intelligence led policing in Britain.

Government policies have seen the number of police officers cut, with priority given to visible policing. What is more important, said Glees, were the "invisible" police, working in the background to detect and trace radicals.

Rees also believes better ways need to be found to investigate the hundreds of people who return to Britain after fighting in the Middle East war zones. It could mean many of them being placed under some form of control orders.

Will there be further terror attacks and bombings? Glees says: "We must expect further incidents to happen. In Manchester it seems there was a network, a band of brothers."

These bands of brothers, often living within closely knit communities in British towns and cities, could strike at any time, fear experts in terrorism.

  

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